You have set your browser to not allow cookies. This means that some functions on the website do not work.

Go to main content

This page in Swedish

Helena Backman

Position: Adjunct Senior Lecturer School/office: School of Health Sciences

Email: helena.backman@oru.se

Phone: No number available

Room: -

Research subject

Surgical Science

About Helena Backman

Helena Backman is Associated professor and Specialist in Obstetrics and Gynecology (Senior Consultant) and does her clinical work at the Örebro University Hospital focusing on women with diabetes during pregnancy.

Research

Helena Backmans main research interest is in Diabetes in pregnancy with focus on Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and she is the project leader of the ongoing national stepped wedge RCT evaluating the change in diagnostic criteria for GDM in Sweden (www.cdc4g.com). Apart from this she is working on projects on type 1 diabetes during pregnancy, and life style risk factors in antenatal care. She is a steering group member of COPE-study (www.copestudien.se), and is the main supervisor for 3 PhD students (Maryam de Brun, Inga-Ros Valgeirsdottir, Malin Ugarph-Edfeldt) and co-supervisor for 1 PhD student (Hanna Östling). Helena Backman is a member of the European Research Group Diabetes in pregnancy www.dpsghome.org, a member of the National Swedish research Network in Obstetrics and Gynecology (SNAKS) and since 2021 she leads a national working group in diabetes in pregnancy (SFOG). She is supervising continuously medical students in their research projects.

Teaching

Helena Backman is active in teaching widwives, medical students and other healthcare personnel in aspects of diabetes in pregnancy and also basic epidemiology.

Collaboration and assignments

Helena Backman was part of the National Board of Healths expert committee work with new guidelines for gestational diabetes in 2015. Through this work a large collaboration network was built up in Sweden that has resulted in the CDC4G study. She has also established collaboration with Prof David Simmons, who is a guest professor at Örebro University with his own work at Western University of Sydney. Through the Research network in DPSG, other studies are under planning and her international collaboration is expanding in her research field.

Active projects

The CDC4G study

Research groups

Publications

Articles in journals | Articles, reviews/surveys | Books | Chapters in books | Conference papers | Doctoral theses, comprehensive summaries | Manuscripts |

Articles in journals

Seifu, C. N. , Immanuel, J. , Hague, W. M. , Teede, H. , Cheung, N. W. , Hibbert, E. J. , Nolan, C. J. , Peek, M. J. & et al. (2024). Association Between Immediate Treatment of Early Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Breastfeeding Outcomes: Findings From the TOBOGM Study. Diabetes Care.
Hildén, K. , Simmons, D. , Hanson, U. , Montgomery, S. , Magnuson, A. , Schwarcz, E. & Backman, H. (2024). Author reply. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Backman, H. E. , Karefylakis, C. , Schwarcz, E. , Magnuson, A. , Branzell, I. , Nolan, C. J. , Simmons, D. & TOBOGM Core Investigator Group, -. (2024). Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: How Should We Measure Glucose?. Diabetes Care.
Simmons, D. , Immanuel, J. , Hague, W. M. , Teede, H. , Nolan, C. J. , Peek, M. J. , Flack, J. R. , McLean, M. & et al. (2024). Perinatal Outcomes in Early and Late Gestational Diabetes Mellitus After Treatment From 24-28 Weeks' Gestation: A TOBOGM Secondary Analysis. Diabetes Care.
Simmons, D. , Immanuel, J. , Hague, W. M. , Teede, H. , Nolan, C. J. , Peek, M. J. , Flack, J. R. , McLean, M. & et al. (2024). Regression From Early GDM to Normal Glucose Tolerance and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in the Treatment of Booking Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Study. Diabetes Care.
Hildén, K. , Magnuson, A. , Montgomery, S. , Schwarcz, E. , Hanson, U. , Simmons, D. & Backman, H. (2023). Previous pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus and the risk of cardiovascular disease: A nested case-control study in Sweden. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 130 (10), 1209-1216.
Skogsdal, Y. R. E. , Karlsson, J. , Tydén, T. , Patil, S. & Backman, H. (2023). The association of smoking, use of snuff, and preconception alcohol consumption with spontaneous abortion: A population-based cohort study. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 102 (1), 15-24.
Simmons, D. , Immanuel, J. , Hague, W. M. , Teede, H. , Nolan, C. J. , Peek, M. J. , Flack, J. R. , McLean, M. & et al. (2023). Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosed Early in Pregnancy. New England Journal of Medicine, 388 (23), 2132-2144.
Simmons, D. , Immanuel, J. , Hague, W. M. , Teede, H. , Nolan, C. J. , Peek, M. J. , Flack, J. R. , McLean, M. & et al. (2023). Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosed Early in Pregnancy. Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey, 78 (11), 636-637.
Valgeirsdóttir, I. R. , Hanson, U. , Schwarcz, E. , Simmons, D. & Backman, H. (2022). Diet-Treated Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Is an Underestimated Risk Factor for Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: A Swedish Population-Based Cohort Study. Nutrients, 14 (16).
Östling, H. , Lodefalk, M. , Backman, H. & Kruse, R. (2022). Global microRNA and protein expression in human term placenta. Frontiers in Medicine, 9.
Alkmark, M. , Wennerholm, U. , Saltvedt, S. , Bergh, C. , Carlsson, Y. , Elden, H. , Fadl, H. , Jonsson, M. & et al. (2022). Induction of labour at 41 weeks of gestation versus expectant management and induction of labour at 42 weeks of gestation: a cost-effectiveness analysis. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 129 (13), 2157-2165.
Carlsson, Y. , Bergman, L. , Zaigham, M. , Linden, K. , Andersson, O. , Veje, M. , Sandström, A. , Wikström, A. & et al. (2021). COVID-19 in Pregnancy and Early Childhood (COPE): study protocol for a prospective, multicentre biobank, survey and database cohort study. BMJ Open, 11 (9).
Wikström, T. , Hagberg, H. , Jacobsson, B. , Kuusela, P. , Wesström, J. , Lindgren, P. , Fadl, H. , Wennerholm, U. & et al. (2021). Effect of second-trimester sonographic cervical length on the risk of spontaneous preterm delivery in different risk groups: a prospective observational multicenter study. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 100 (9), 1644-1655.
Alkmark, M. , Carlsson, Y. , Brismar Wendel, S. , Elden, H. , Fadl, H. , Jonsson, M. , Ladfors, L. , Saltvedt, S. & et al. (2021). Efficacy and safety of oral misoprostol vs transvaginal balloon catheter for labor induction: An observational study within the SWEdish Postterm Induction Study (SWEPIS). Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 100 (8), 1463-1477.
Kuusela, P. , Jacobsson, B. , Hagberg, H. , Fadl, H. , Lindgren, P. , Wesström, J. , Wennerholm, U. & Valentin, L. (2021). Second trimester transvaginal ultrasound measurement of cervical length for prediction of preterm birth: a blinded prospective multicentre diagnostic accuracy study. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 128 (2), 195-206.
Nilvér, H. , Wessberg, A. , Dencker, A. , Hagberg, H. , Wennerholm, U. , Fadl, H. , Wesström, J. , Sengpiel, V. & et al. (2021). Women's childbirth experiences in the Swedish Post-term Induction Study (SWEPIS): a multicentre, randomised, controlled trial. BMJ Open, 11 (4).
Millbourn, C. , Lybeck, C. , Einberg, A. P. , Nordin, M. , Lindh, G. , Hökeberg, I. , Fredlund, H. , Fischler, B. & et al. (2020). Anti-HCV prevalence and risk factor-based screening for hepatitis C in pregnant women and their partners in Sweden. Infectious Diseases, 52 (11), 776-785.
Thornton, J. , Fadl, H. , Walker, K. F. & Torgerson, D. (2020). Avoiding biased exclusions in cluster trials. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 99 (2), 145-146.
Kristensen, K. , Wangel, A. , Katsarou, A. , Shaat, N. , Simmons, D. , Fadl, H. & Berntorp, K. (2020). Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus with Point-of-Care Methods for Glucose versus Hospital Laboratory Method Using Isotope Dilution Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry as Reference. Journal of Diabetes Research, 2020.
Wennerholm, U. , Saltvedt, S. , Wessberg, A. , Alkmark, M. , Bergh, C. , Brismar Wendel, S. , Fadl, H. , Jonsson, M. & et al. (2020). Induction of Labour at 41 Weeks Versus Expectant Management and Induction of Labour at 42 Weeks (SWEdish Post-Term Induction Study, SWEPIS): Multicentre, Open Label, Randomised, Superiority Trial. Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey, 75 (4), 207-209.
Kuusela, P. , Wennerholm, U. , Fadl, H. , Wesström, J. , Lindgren, P. , Hagberg, H. , Jacobsson, B. & Valentin, L. (2020). Second trimester cervical length measurements with transvaginal ultrasound: a prospective observational agreement and reliability study. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 99 (11), 1476-1485.
Hildén, K. , Magnuson, A. , Hanson, U. , Simmons, D. & Fadl, H. (2020). Trends in pregnancy outcomes for women with gestational diabetes mellitus in Sweden 1998-2012: a nationwide cohort study. Diabetic Medicine, 37 (12), 2050-2057.
Skogsdal, Y. R. E. , Fadl, H. , Cao, Y. , Karlsson, J. & Tydén, T. (2019). An intervention in contraceptive counseling increased the knowledge about fertility and awareness of preconception health-a randomized controlled trial. Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, 124 (3), 203-212.
Fadl, H. , Saeedi, M. , Montgomery, S. , Magnuson, A. , Schwarcz, E. , Berntorp, K. , Sengpiel, V. , Storck-Lindholm, E. & et al. (2019). Changing diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes in Sweden: a stepped wedge national cluster randomised controlled trial-the CDC4G study protocol. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 19 (1).
Hildén, K. , Hanson, U. , Persson, M. , Magnuson, A. , Simmons, D. & Fadl, H. (2019). Gestational diabetes and adiposity are independent risk factors for perinatal outcomes: a population based cohort study in Sweden. Diabetic Medicine, 36 (2), 151-157.
Wennerholm, U. , Saltvedt, S. , Wessberg, A. , Alkmark, M. , Bergh, C. , Wendel, S. B. , Fadl, H. , Jonsson, M. & et al. (2019). Induction of labour at 41 weeks versus expectant management and induction of labour at 42 weeks (SWEdish Post-term Induction Study, SWEPIS): multicentre, open label, randomised, superiority trial. The BMJ, 367.
Saeedi, M. , Hanson, U. , Simmons, D. & Fadl, H. (2018). Characteristics of different risk factors and fasting plasma glucose for identifying GDM when using IADPSG criteria: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 18 (1).
Skogsdal, Y. R. E. , Karlsson, J. Å. , Cao, Y. , Fadl, H. & Tydén, T. A. (2018). Contraceptive use and reproductive intentions among women requesting contraceptive counseling. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 97 (11), 1349-1357.
Millbourn, C. , Lybeck, C. , Fadl, H. , Fredlund, H. , Lindahl, K. & Duberg, A. (2017). Screening for HCV in pregnant women and their partners. Journal of Hepatology, 66 (1), S404-S405.
Hildén, K. , Hanson, U. , Persson, M. & Fadl, H. (2016). Overweight and obesity: a remaining problem in women treated for severe gestational diabetes. Diabetic Medicine, 33 (8), 1045-1051.
Fadl, H. E. & Simmons, D. (2016). Trends in diabetes in pregnancy in Sweden 1998-2012. BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care, 4 (1).
Rönnberg, A. , Östlund, I. , Fadl, H. , Gottvall, T. & Nilsson, K. (2015). Intervention during pregnancy to reduce excessive gestational weight gain: a randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 122 (4), 537-544.
Fadl, H. E. , Gärdefors, S. , Hjertberg, R. , Nord, E. , Persson, B. , Schwarcz, E. , Åman, J. , Östlund, I. K. & et al. (2015). Randomized controlled study in pregnancy on treatment of marked hyperglycemia that is short of overt diabetes. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 94 (11), 1181-1187.
Fadl, H. , Magnuson, A. , Östlund, I. , Montgomery, S. , Hanson, U. & Schwarcz, E. (2014). Gestational diabetes mellitus and later cardiovascular disease: a Swedish population based case-control study. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 121 (12), 1530-1536.
Persson, M. & Fadl, H. (2014). Perinatal outcome in relation to fetal sex in offspring to mothers with pre-gestational and gestational diabetes-a population-based study. Diabetic Medicine, 31 (9), 1047-1054.
Persson, M. , Fadl, H. , Hanson, U. & Pasupathy, D. (2013). Disproportionate Body Composition and Neonatal Outcome in Offspring of Mothers With and Without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care, 36 (11), 3543-3548.
Fadl, H. , Östlund, I. K. M. & Hanson, U. (2012). Outcomes of gestational diabetes in Sweden depending on country of birth. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 91 (11), 1326-1330.
Fadl, H. E. , Östlund, I. K. M. , Magnuson, A. F. K. & Hanson, U. S. B. (2010). Maternal and neonatal outcomes and time trends of gestational diabetes mellitus in Sweden from 1991 to2003. Diabetic Medicine, 27 (4), 436-441.
Fadl, H. , Östlund, I. , Nilsson, K. & Hanson, U. (2007). Fasting capillary glucose as a screening test for gestational diabetes mellitus. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 114 (3), 373-373.
Fadl, H. , Östlund, I. , Nilsson, K. & Hanson, U. (2007). Fasting capillary glucose as a screening test for gestational diabetes mellitus - Author's reply. BJOG: an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 114 (2), 238-239.
Fadl, H. , Östlund, I. , Nilsson, K. & Hanson, U. (2006). Fasting capillary glucose as a screening test for gestational diabetes mellitus. BJOG: an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 113 (9), 1067-71.

Articles, reviews/surveys

Saeedi, M. , Cao, Y. , Fadl, H. , Gustafson, H. & Simmons, D. (2021). Increasing prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus when implementing the IADPSG criteria: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 172.
Harreiter, J. , Fadl, H. , Kautzky-Willer, A. & Simmons, D. (2020). Do Women with Diabetes Need More Intensive Action for Cardiovascular Reduction than Men with Diabetes?. Current Diabetes Reports, 20 (11).

Books

Backman [Fadl], H. (1990). Medicinsk ordlista. Åbo: Åbo akademi.

Chapters in books

Englund-Ögge, L. , Fadl, H. & Millde-Luthander, C. (2021). Diabetes och graviditet. In: Obstetrik (pp. 387-401). . Studentlitteratur AB.

Conference papers

Harreiter, J. , Simmons, D. , Immanuel, J. , Hague, B. , Teede, H. , Cheung, N. W. , Hibbert, E. , Nolan, C. & et al. (2023). Behandlung von früh diagnostiziertem Gestationsdiabetes mellitus vor der 20. Schwangerschaftswoche: [Treatment of early diagnosed Gestational Diabetes mellitus before the 20th Week of Pregnancy]. In: Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift. Paper presented at 51. Jahrestagung der Österreichischen Diabetes Gesellschaft, Salzburg, Österreich, November 16-18, 2023. (pp. S762-S762). Springer.
Fadl, H. , Saeedi, M. , Magnuson, A. , Patil, S. , Simmons, D. , Schwarcz, E. , Berntorp, K. , Jansson, S. P. O. & et al. (2023). Changing diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes (CDC4G) in Sweden: a stepped wedge cluster randomised controlled trial. Paper presented at 55th DPSG annual meeting 2023, Poznan, Polen, 7-10 September, 2023.
Diurlin, S. , Patil, S. , Lindblad, U. , Daka, B. , Hellgren, M. I. & Backman, H. (2023). Gestational diabetes diagnosis in the Swedish Pregnancy Register. In: Diabetologia. Paper presented at 59th EASD Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, Hamburg, Germany, October 2-6, 2023. (pp. S264-S265). Springer.
SIMMONS, D. , IMMANUEL, J. , WAH CHEUNG, N. , HAGUE, W. , TEEDE, H. , NOLAN, C. J. , Backman, H. , HIBBERT, E. & et al. (2023). Neonatal Outcomes in Early and Incident Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Are They Normalized with Treatment from 24–28 Weeks’ Gestation?. In: Diabetes. Paper presented at ADA-Diabetes Congress 2023, San Diego, USA, June 23-26, 2023. American Diabetes Association.
Fadl, H. , Patil, S. , Wikström, A. , Jansson, S. P. O. , Sengpiel, V. , Berntorp, K. , Ryen, L. , Ahlsson, F. & et al. (2022). Association of GDM Risk Factors with Glucose at Diagnosis and Treatment in Sweden. In: Diabetes. Paper presented at ADA- American Diabetes Association 82nd Scientific Session, New Orleans, USA, June 3, 2022. American Diabetes Association.
Östling, H. , Lodefalk, M. , Backman, H. & Kruse, R. (2022). Global microRNA and protein expression in human term placenta may improve our understanding of fetal growth. In: Hormone Research in Paediatrics. Paper presented at 60th Annual Meeting of the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology (ESPE), Rome, Italy, September 15–17, 2022. (pp. 247-247). S. Karger.
Östling, H. , Lodefalk, M. , Backman, H. & Kruse, R. (2022). Global microRNA and protein expression in humanterm placenta may improve our understandingof fetal growth. In: Hormone Research in Paediatrics. Paper presented at 60th Annual Meeting of the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology (ESPE), Rome, Italy, September 15–17, 2022. (pp. 247-247). S. Karger.
Wennerholm, U. B. , Saltvedt, S. , Wessberg, A. , Alkmark, M. , Bergh, C. , Wendel, B. S. , Fadl, H. , Jonsson, M. & et al. (2020). Induction of labour at 41 weeks versus expectant management and induction of labour at 42 weeks (SWEdish Post-term Induction Study, SWEPIS): multicentre, open label, randomised, superiority trial. In: Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde. Georg Thieme Verlag KG.
Hildén, K. , Arntyr-Hellgren, P. , Magnuson, A. , Hanson, U. , Simmons, D. & Fadl, H. (2018). Born over 4500 g: the trends in birth trauma and mode of delivery in women with GDM and type 1 diabetes in Sweden between 1998-2012. Paper presented at Diabetes Pregnancy Study Group (DPSG) Meeting 2018, Rome, Italy, September 27-30, 2018.
Valgeirsdottir, I. , Hanson, U. , Simmons, D. & Fadl, H. (2018). Diet as treatment for GDM: enough for improving outcomes?. Paper presented at Diabetes Pregnancy Study Group (DPSG) Meeting 2018, Rome, Italy, September 27-30, 2018.
Kuusela, P. , Fadl, H. , Wesström, J. , Lindgren, P. , Hagberg, H. , Jacobsson, B. , Wennerholm, U. & Valentin, L. (2018). Intra- and Interrater reliability of Transvaginal Sonographic Measurements of Cervixal length. Paper presented at ESPBC 2018, European Spontaneous Preterm Birth Congress, Edinburgh, Scotland, May 16-18, 2018.
Saeedi, M. , Simmons, D. , Magnuson, A. , Montgomery, S. & Fadl, H. (2018). The CDC4G trial: Impact of Changing Diagnostic Criteria for Gestational diabetes in Sweden – a stepped wedge national cluster randomised controlled trial-study protocol. Paper presented at Diabetes Pregnancy Study Group (DPSG) Meeting 2018, Rome, Italy, September 27-30, 2018.
Arntyr Hellgren, P. , Simmons, D. , Hanson, U. , Magnuson, A. & Fadl, H. (2017). Birth trauma in babies born to women with and without type 1 diabetes in Sweden 1998-2012: relationship with maternal and baby weight. In: 49th Annual Meeting of the Diabetic Pregnancy Study Group Abstract book. Paper presented at 49th Annual Meeting of the Diabetic Pregnancy Study Group (EASD), Nyborg, Denmark, September 7-10, 2017. (pp. 66-67).
Skogsdal, Y. R. E. , Fadl, H. , Karlsson, J. , Cao, Y. & Tydén, T. (2017). Contraceptive counselling is a golden opportunity to talk about fertility and reproductive health: results from a RCT in Sweden. In: Contraceptive counselling is a golden opportunity to talk about fertility and reproductive health results from a RCT in Sweden. Paper presented at 33rd Annual Meeting of ESHREAt: Geneva, Switzerland, 2-5 July, 2015.
Saeedi, M. , Hanson, U. & Fadl, H. (2017). Evaluation of screening methods for Gestational diabetes mellitus in Sweden. In: 49th Annual Meeting of the Diabetic Pregnancy Study Group Abstract book. Paper presented at 49th Annual Meeting of the Diabetic Pregnancy Study Group (EASD), Nyborg, Denmark, September 7-10, 2017. (pp. 79-80).
Devlieger, R. , Fadl, H. & Deruelle, P. (2016). Assessment of fetal and neonatal growth (including growth pattern in diabetes). In: 2016 AUDIT MEETING Diabetic Pregnancy Study Group of the EASD. Paper presented at 3rd Audit Meeting of the Diabetic Pregnancy Study Group, Dublin, Ireland, September 29 - October 1, 2016.

Doctoral theses, comprehensive summaries

Fadl, H. (2012). Gestational diabetes mellitus in Sweden: screening, outcomes, and consequences. (Doctoral dissertation). (Comprehensive summary) Örebro: Örebro universitet.

Manuscripts

Hildén, K. , Hanson, U. , Persson, M. , Magnuson, A. , Simmons, D. & Fadl, H. Are gestational diabetes and adiposity independent risk factors for perinatal outcomes? : A population based cohort study in Sweden.
Hildén, K. , Magnuson, A. , Montgomery, S. , Schwarcz, E. , Hanson, U. , Simmons, D. & Fadl, H. Cardiovascular disease among women with previous preeclampsia and/or gestational diabetes mellitus : a national case control study.
de Brun, M. , Magnusson, A. , Montgomery, S. , Patil, S. , Simmons, D. , Berntorp, K. , Wennerholm, U. , Jansson, S. P. O. & et al. Changing diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes (CDC4G) in Sweden : a stepped wedge cluster randomised trial.
Bergengren, L. , Ryen, L. , Flodström, C. , Fadl, H. , Udumyan, R. , Karlsson, M. & Helenius, G. Effectiveness and costs of implemented primary HPV cervical screening : a populationbased cohort study.
Fadl, H. , Magnuson, A. , Östlund, I. , Montgomery, S. , Hanson, U. & Schwarcz, E. Gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with later cardiovascular disease, particularly among overweight women : a Swedish population based case-control study.
de Brun, M. , Johansson, N. , Simmons, D. , Montgomery, S. , Berntorp, K. , Jansson, S. , Wennerholm, U. , Wikström, A. & et al. Healthcare cost consequences of changing diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus (CDC4G) in Sweden : Alongside a stepped wedge cluster randomised trial.
Skogsdal, Y. , Karlsson, J. , Tydén, T. , Fadl, S. , Patil, S. & Fadl, H. Heavy alcohol consumption before pregnancy and the association with pregnancy outcomes : a population-based cohort study.
Fadl, H. E. , Östlund, I. K. M. & Hanson, U. S. B. Outcomes of gestational diabetes in Sweden depending on country of birth.
Skogsdal, Y. , Karlsson, J. , Tydén, T. , Patil, S. & Fadl, H. Smoking, use of snuff, and preconception alcohol consumption and their association with spontaneous abortion : a population-based cohort study.
Hildén, K. , Magnuson, A. , Hanson, U. , Simmons, D. & Fadl, H. Trends in pregnancy outcomes for women with gestational diabetes mellitus in Sweden 1998-2012 : a nationwide cohort study.